Modern of Modern Computing

Question: Describe why Actor Network Theory is a relevant theory for studying computing. Name and categorise the actants in your stories. Describe how they are acting upon other actants in the assemblage. Include the connection between the hardware and software actants, as well as other categories of actants. Discuss how the actions of the software actants can enhance management functions within the computing news stories. How can you link your analysis to some of the larger issues/questions raised due to the constant use of computing within modern society. Discuss some of advantages/disadvantages of contemporary computing. To achieve this, compare and contrast the viewpoints of a range of theorists and critics explored throughout the module. Conclude by summarising how your answers relate to the statement Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfil the aims of the assemblage. Answer: Introduction Within the scenario of modern of modern computing, the actants are dependent on each other to achieve the final product. This following quote has explained the article. The article explains the various terms like actants, relation between them and the reason behind the dependency and the way the accountants are bound to achieve the end product or assigned goal. It also highlights the concepts that the company goal cant be achieved without the entities. This article explains the following term: Greater the number of knowledge sharing entities better is the result. It has given the explanation of various terms and quotes by relating them with the recent computing stories. No doubt it is a time-consuming process as it requires a lot of time, money and cost, but on the other hand it is the best source for studying the computing. It also focuses on the way or the methods used for establishing the connections using ANT. This theory is one of the best resources for explanatory researchers. ANT-Actor Network Theory Actor Network Theory defines the term Powerful in a different way: Powerful are those who define the things in a practical manner and define the things is that bind everyone together. ANT is a method which defines that when two or more entities are combined, it leads to a creation of new entities. It means the new entity is a single entity, and it is a combination of various other entities. E.g. consider the example of Home (new entity). It is created by a group of people like builders, raw material, etc. In this way, by the help of living and non-living things a new entity is created. These various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity (goal). According to ANT theory, the objects are related to social networking. It also focuses on the way or the methods used for establishing the connections. It is the best theory where ever explanatory research is required. There are various domains related to ANT: Actor Actor word is not limited to a network of different people. It is also related to non-humans entities. The group of different entities works together to achieve a goal and the various entities are dependent on each other to achieve the goal, or other new entity. In case of IT companies: the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are actively as actors. The company goal cant be achieved without these entities (Sangani, 2015). Network It defines the bonding or relationships between the actors. The different actors are related to each other through a social or logical network. In case of IT companies, the employees access the same database using a network, and they also communicate with each other through the internet. Black Box It is a box which sealed the different entities to achieve a single entity. In a case of IT companies, the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other through a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity. This company (IT Company) is a black box. In other terms, it's a room in which all actors are placed and connected to achieve something. Intermediate It provides the missing link between different entities. It is a source of communication for a different level of employees. Retrieved from: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=actor+network+theorybiw=931bih=400source=lnmstbm=ischsa=Xved=0ahUKEwiNwZTiiuvLAhUICI4KHbe-CgkQ_AUICCgD It is the best source for studying computing: The Apple Company has recently launched a new iPhone SE. In Apple Company, the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other through a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity i.e. iPhone SE. It is a conceptual tool for solving various IT issues. It helps in solving complex problems. It helps in knowledge sharing at larger distances. The actors of different companies, i.e. actors of different location can work with each other to achieve a goal (Weinman, 2016). But on the contrary part, it is a time-consuming process as it requires a lot of time, money and cost. Computing News Story 1: The MIT has developed a new system that can load web pages thirty-four percent much faster than any other browser. (9 March, 2016). Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/polaris-mit-program-system-faster-webpage-website-page-loading-science-a6921521.html MIT is a Massachusetts Institute of Technology and it has developed a new system that can load web pages thirty-four percent much faster than any other browser. The various computer scientists have made this system. Many companies have faced this issue that on loading multiple pages, an error message is shown that the website page is not responding. This system helps in removing such kind of problems. The concepts use behind the system is that it reduces the loading time of the page. Actants: These are various living and non-living entities that help in the creation of another new entity. Massachusetts Institute of Technology consists of various computer scientists, a researcher team, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. These are actants. The different tasks are divided into further different small tasks, and different tasks are assigned to different employees according to their skills and level of seniority and they all work together by sharing their knowledge and skills, achieve an end product (as in this case the end product is the development of a system that helps in loading of pages at a higher rate or speed).The employees from different culture are sharing their knowledge and skills to achieve the goal. (Sangani, 2015). Network: It is a source of connecting the living and non-living to achieve the assigned entity. The various computer scientists, a researcher team, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are connected with each other with the help of a network. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. Black Box: MIT is a black box. It consist of a researcher team, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), various computer scientists, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, and software (programs, various other applications) etc. The intermediate helps in providing the missing links between various entities (Bolton, 2016). Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/polaris-mit-program-system-faster-webpage-website-page-loading-science-a6921521.html Computing News Story 2: The Microsoft has introduced a new system for a business called bots. (30 March, 2016) Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35927651 This system consists of social bots that can chat with different users. This system helps in representing the business and also interacting with the users (by the help of Skype). It is a combination of technology and intelligence. Actants: These are groups of different entities or actors that work together to achieve a goal and the various entities are dependent on each other to achieve the goal, or other new entity. Satya Nadella (Chief Executive in Microsoft), Lilian Rincon (Program Manager in Skype), employees of Microsoft, Hardwares (microphones), softwares (Skype) and other applications etc. all are actants. They all are connected and dependent on each other to achieve the final product. Network: The employees of the Microsoft, hardware, software and various other applications are linked with each other through a network. The Microsoft has branches at various locations so employees from different culture are working here. Black Box: It is a box which binds the different entities to achieve a single entity. The Microsoft Company is a black box which binds the employees of Microsoft, Hardwares (microphones), softwares (Skype) (David Strang, 2012) and other applications, etc. through a network (to achieve an end product). The employees access the same database using a network, and they also communicate with each other through the internet. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. The increase or decrease in the size of factor influence the size of other factor and both are directly proportional to each other. In other words, the various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity (goal). The tasks are divided into modules, and they are assigned to different employees, and they depend upon each other to achieve a final module i.e. the end or the final product. The intermediate provides a source of communication between different levels of employees. The higher level employees and lower level employees communicate with each other with the help of intermediates (the HR department and Team leaders). Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35927651 Conclusion ANT defines that the different actors bind with each other to achieve an end product. The various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity. They all are connected with each other through a network. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. The increase or decrease in the size of factor influence the size of other factor and both are directly proportional to each other. The different tasks are divided into further different small tasks, and different tasks are assigned to different employees according to their skills, and level of seniority, and they all work together by sharing their knowledge and skills, achieve an end product. Black Box is used for sealing the different entities to achieve a single entity. It helps in solving complex problems. In various organizations, the employees of the organizations, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other throug h a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity. It requires a lot of affords and money. References Bayraktaroglu, E., King, C., Liu, X., Noubir, G., Rajaraman, R. and Thapa, B. (2011). Performance of IEEE 802.11 under Jamming. Mobile Networks and Applications, 18(5), pp.678-696. BBC News. (2016). Build 2016: Microsoft proposes helper bot boom - BBC News. [online] Bolton, D. (2016). A new MIT-developed system could make webpages load 34 per cent faster. [online] The Independent. Cong Vinh, P. (2015). Algebraically Autonomic Computing. Mobile Networks and Applications. David Strang, K. (2012). 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